Natural Resources Defense Council
I
39
ENDNOTES
1
e Offi ce of Surface Mining Recla-
mation and Enforcement, Managing
Hydrologic Information, A Resource for
Development of the Probable Hydrologic
Consequences (PHC) and Cumulative
Hydrologic Impact Assessments (CHIA),
Jan. 31, 1997, p. 40.
2
Data taken from USGS annual
reports published between 1998-2004,
refl ecting the latest available monitor-
ing data; Peabody’s Annual Hydro-
logical Data Reports from 2000-2004,
refl ecting Peabody’s monitoring data
during the calendar year and including
summary data from previous years;
and OSMRE’s annual reviews of both
USGS and Peabody’s annual reports,
which determine if available Peabody
and USGS data indicate material dam-
age has occurred as a result of Peabody’s
N-aquifer water use.
3
e following discussion of material
damage criteria is largely based on LFR
Levine-Fricke-Revon, “Evaluation of
Cumulative Hydrologic Impacts on the
N-Aquifer, Black Mesa Area, Arizona,”
September 2000 (prepared for NRDC
and appended to the Drawdown
report); and LFR Levine-Fricke,
“Report: Update of the CHIA Criteria
Evaluation for Peabody Western Coal
Company Groundwater Withdraw-
als from the N-Aquifer, Black Mesa,
Arizona,” March 2006 (prepared for
NRDC and appended to this report).
4
Offi ce of Surface Mining “Reclama-
tion and Enforcement, Cumulative
Hydrologic Impact Assessment of the
Peabody Coal Company Black Mesa/
Kayenta Mine,” Jan. 1988, p. 5-11.
5
See the U.S. Geological Survey’s
“Ground-water, Surface-water, and
Water-chemistry Data, Black Mesa
Area, Northeastern Arizona—2003-
04,” Sept. 2004; and the Offi ce of
Surface Mining Reclamation and
Enforcement, Report on Its Review
and Analysis of Peabody Western Coal
Company’s 2004 “Annual Hydrological
Data Report” and e U.S. Geological
Survey’s “Ground-water, Surface-water,
and Water-chemistry Data, Black Mesa
Area, Northeastern Arizona—2003-
04,” Aug. 2005.
6
Offi ce of Surface Mining Reclama-
tion and Enforcement, “Cumulative
Hydrologic Impact Assessment of the
Peabody Coal Company Black Mesa/
Kayenta Mine,” Jan. 1988, p. 5-11.
7
e Offi ce of Surface Mining
Reclamation and Enforcement, Report
on Its Review and Analysis of Peabody
Western Coal Company’s 2004
“Annual Hydrological Data Report”
and the U.S. Geological Survey’s
“Ground-Water, Surface-water, and
Water-chemistry Data, Black Mesa
Area, Northeastern Arizona—2003-
04,” August 2005, p. 7.
8
For accounts of these events, see
the following sections of OSMRE’s
progress reports: Report on Its Review
and Analysis (2000), pp. 7–9; Report
on Its Review and Analysis of Peabody
Western Coal Company’s “1996
Annual Hydrological Report—Black
Mesa and Kayenta Mines” and the U.S.
Geological Survey’s “Ground-Water,
Surface-Water, and Water-Chemistry
Data, Black Mesa Area, Northeastern
Arizona—1996,” “Ground-Water,
Surface-Water, and Water-Chemistry
Data, Black Mesa Area, Northeastern
Arizona—1995,” “Results of Ground-
water, Surface-Water, and Water-
Chemistry Monitoring, Black Mesa
Area, Northeastern Arizona—1994,”
“Results of Ground-Water, Surface-
Water, and Water-Quality Monitor-
ing, Black Mesa Area, Northeastern
Arizona—1992–93” (June 1998), pp.
7–9; Report on Its Review of Analysis
of Peabody Western Coal Company’s
1992 “Hydrological Data Report” and
the U.S. Geological Survey’s “Results
of Ground-Water, Surface-Water and
Water-Quality Monitoring, Black Mesa
Area, Northeastern Arizona—1991–
92” (March 1994), pp. 6–8; Report
on Its Review and Analysis of Peabody
Coal Company’s 1991 “Hydrological
Data Report” and the U.S. Geological
Survey’s “Results of Ground-Water,
Surface-Water, and Water-Qual-
ity Monitoring, Black Mesa Area,
Northeastern Arizona—1990–91”
(June 1993), pp. 6–8; Review and
Analysis of Peabody Coal Company’s
1990 “Hydrological Data Report” and
the U.S. Geological Survey’s “Results
of Ground-Water, Surface-Water, and
Water-Quality Monitoring, Black Mesa
Area, Northeastern Arizona—1989-
90” (December 1992), pp. 5–6.
9
e U.S. Geological Survey’s “Ground-
Water, Surface-Water, and Water-Chem-
istry Data, Black Mesa Area, North-
eastern Arizona—2003-04,” September
2004 p. 35-36 (Table 15).
10
LFR Levine-Fricke, “Report: Update
of the CHIA Criteria Evaluation for
Peabody Western Coal Company
Groundwater Withdrawals from the
N-Aquifer, Black Mesa, Arizona,”
2006, p. 10.
11
See the Offi ce of Surface Mining
Reclamation and Enforcement, Report
on its Review and Analysis of Peabody
Western Coal Company’s 2004
“Annual Hydrological Data Report”
and the U.S. Geological Survey’s
“Ground-Water, Surface-Water, and
Water-Chemistry Data, Black Mesa
Area, Northeastern Arizona—2003-
04,” Aug. 2005, p. 7-8.
12
LFR Levine-Fricke, “Report: Update
of the CHIA Criteria Evaluation for
Peabody Western Coal Company
Groundwater Withdrawals from the
N-Aquifer, Black Mesa, Arizona,”
2006, p. 10-11.
13
LFR Levine-Fricke, “Report: Update
of the CHIA Criteria Evaluation for
Peabody Western Coal Company
Groundwater Withdrawals from the
N-Aquifer, Black Mesa, Arizona,”
2006, p. 11.
14
LFR Levine-Fricke, “Report: Update
of the CHIA Criteria Evaluation for
Peabody Western Coal Company
Groundwater Withdrawals from the
N-Aquifer, Black Mesa, Arizona,” 2006
p. 11.
15
LFR Levine-Fricke, “Report: Update
of the CHIA Criteria Evaluation for
Peabody Western Coal Company
Groundwater Withdrawals from the
N-Aquifer, Black Mesa, Arizona,”
2006, p. 11.
16
Memorandum from Masud Uz Za-
man, Director of Water Management
Department, to Mike Nelson, Staff
Assistant of Offi ce of the Chairman/
Vice-Chairman, Evaluation and Analy-
sis of Peabody Coal’s Groundwater
Withdrawals and Recommendations
Pertinent to Full Exercise of the Navajo
Water Code (Oct. 4, 1984).
17
Memorandum from Masud Uz Za-
man, Director of Water Management
Department, to Mike Nelson, Staff
Assistant of Offi ce of the Chairman/
Vice-Chairman, Evaluation and Analy-
sis of Peabody Coal’s Groundwater
Withdrawals and Recommendations
Pertinent to Full Exercise of the Navajo
Water Code (Oct. 4, 1984).
18
Memorandum from Masud Uz Za-
man, Director of Water Management
Department, to Mike Nelson, Staff
Assistant of Offi ce of the Chairman/
Vice-Chairman, Evaluation and Analy-
sis of Peabody Coal’s Groundwater
Withdrawals and Recommendations
Pertinent to Full Exercise of the Navajo
Water Code (Oct. 4, 1984).
19
Offi ce of Surface Mining Reclama-
tion and Enforcement, Cumulative
Hydrologic Impact Statement, pp.
5-6, 5-11.
20
Although monitored springs at Den-
nehotso and Hard Rocks are reported
to have increased in fl ow, data in both
cases are questionable. e baseline
discharge of Hard Rocks Spring has
only been estimated; discharge at
Dennehotso has increased so dramati-
cally that some extrinsic cause such as
nearby construction is implied. For
fuller treatment of these issues, see
“Evaluation of Cumulative Hydrologic
Impacts on the N-aquifer,” appended
to this report.
21
e Offi ce of Surface Mining
Reclamation and Enforcements, 2005,
Report on its Review And Analysis
of Peabody Western Coal Company’s
2004 “Annual Hydrological Data Re-
port” and the U.S. Geological Survey’s
“Ground-Water, Surface-Water, And
Water-Chemistry Data, Black Mesa
Area, Northeastern Arizona—2003-
04” (August), p. 9.
22
See LFR Levine-Fricke, “Report: Up-
date of the CHIA Criteria Evaluation
for Peabody Western Coal Company
Groundwater Withdrawals from the
N-Aquifer, Black Mesa, Arizona,” pp.
11-13.
23
e Offi ce of Surface Mining
Reclamation and Enforcements, 2005
Report On Its Review And Analysis
of Peabody Western Coal Company’s
2004 “Annual Hydrological Data Re-
port” and the U.S. Geological Survey’s
“Ground-Water, Surface-Water, And
Water-Chemistry Data, Black Mesa
Area, Northeastern Arizona—2003-
04,” August, Appendix G.
24
See LFR Levine-Fricke, “Report: Up-
date of the CHIA Criteria Evaluation
for Peabody Western Coal Company
Groundwater Withdrawals from the
N-Aquifer, Black Mesa, Arizona,” pp.
11-13.
25
See the discussion of Black Mesa
hydrogeology in “Evaluation of
Cumulative Hydrologic Impacts on
the N-Aquifer,” appended to this
report (citing Survey records); Foster
Associates, Inc., Study of Alternatives to
Transport Coal, p. E-9 (reporting 1993
study).
26
See CHIA Criteria Section 6.2.2.4.
27
Truini, M. and T.J. Porter, 2005,
“Ground-Water, Surface-Water, and
Water-Chemistry Data, Black Mesa
Area, Northeastern Arizona—2003-
2004.”
28
Truini, M. and T.J. Porter, 2005,
“Ground-Water, Surface-Water, and
Water-Chemistry Data, Black Mesa
Area, Northeastern Arizona—2003-
2004”; U.S. Geologic Survey Open
File Report 2005-1080.
29
e Offi ce of Surface Mining
Reclamation and Enforcement, Report
on its Review and Analysis of Peabody
Western Coal Company’s 2003 “Annual